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Likewise, where history does lean on records, there is still room for interpretation and ambiguity, so in these cases historians and artists share common ground. In cases where the given period has very few records available, most of it has to be fictionalized anyway. This also applies to writers who would struggle to render the thoughts and dialogues of the distant past in a manner that is convincing to the reader, that gives a believable impression of a past where society and values were different from the present, but not so different as to be unrelatable.

There are limits to the illusion cast by a work of art in portraying a historical reality, even in the best scenario. The best of actors will struggle to believably render genius convincingly. To play a famous painter believably, casting another famous painter is usually not considered a smart rule for casting. There are also the limits of the medium to contend with. It costs something in time and money to properly research, find and create the material needed to portray a given period with some degree of accuracy. Likewise, works of art are not so cheap to create. For instance, a character in 1919 could plausibly predict that the Treaty of Versailles would cause hardship, anger and instability in Germany (indeed, Marshal Foch himself said at the time it was 'not a peace treaty, just an armistice for twenty years', if only because he understood it to be too lenient), but it would be stretching it for him to confidently assert that the instability would specifically result in the rise of a ruthless racial supremacist paramilitary regime in Germany that would be hellbent for revenge starting the biggest war in human history and along the way, responsible for the systematic murder of millions of Jews, Roma, and others. Although some historical individuals made predictions that came true, this is not the same thing as knowing what would happen. note This is also known in psychology as Hindsight Bias.

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In addition, many writers commit what's called the 'historian's mistake', which is the idea that historical characters acted and made their decisions with full knowledge of the future - including the repercussions their actions would cause (like for example portraying Churchill as saying his Darkest Hour Rousing Speech with knowledge that Nazi Germany was going to be defeated in 4 years). Real history is filled with a vast array of characters with plenty of Hero of Another Story. In most cases, historical works focus on a particular event taken out of context, revolving around a set group of individuals and depict the events with the pictorial and narrative structure as per the fashions of the year of its exhibition. Large chunks of history are well-documented, with many living traces in contemporary life - roads paved on pathways carved by ancient civilizations, languages and slang that evolve from a particular regional starting point, architecture from various eras, fashions plucked from various times, materials used for tools and production, etc., but all of this is secondary to telling a good story. That in the end, all known history is subjective and therefore useless as a source of knowledge. Some say it's one of those mysteries that man cannot know. Ada Palmer on historic accuracy in fictionĪh yes, history, written by the victors, with all the eyewitnesses lost to time.

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